4.1.+Franz+Joseph+Haydn

Born: March 31, 1732. Rohrao, Austria. Died: May 31, 1809. Vienna, Austria. "My Prince was always satisfied with my works. I not only had the encouragement of constant approval but as conductor of an orchestra I could make experiments, observe what produced an effect and what weakened it, and… improve, alter make additions, or omissions, and be bold as pleased.”
 * In his own words...**
 * Austrian composer. Part of the so-called Viennese School, and an important influence on both Mozart and Beethoven.**

Our image of the composer as an "artist," concerned with doing only what he or she wants to, is rooted in the nineteenth century. Composers of previous periods did not often have that luxury, but Haydn did. Most of his creative live was spent in the service of the Esterházy family, writting pieces for their needs and desires. For example he composed over 125 trios for the baryton, an instrument something like a viola da gamba, simply because it was the Prince Nikolaus played.

Surprisingly, these seeming restrictions, compounded by his frequent sojourns to the Esterházy summer pace at Esterháza (far removed from the musical center of Vienna) did little to dampen Haydn's creativity. Instead, he stated that this isolation and his hability to work daily with the musicians he was writting for was a perfect situation. Nor did diminish his fame. By the 1780s, his music had beeen published all over Europe, and he was wll-regarded in the music world. Because of this, he was invited to various cities and commissioned to write musical pieces for premieres in those cities. Most notable are the six symphonies he wrote for the Concerts Spirituels in Paris and the twelve he wrote for the concert promoter Johann Peter Salomon in London. His final works, mostly sacred music for his patron, culmiinated in two large oratorios, The creation (1798) and The Seasons (1801), the former being one of his most famous works.

Haydn is often referred to as "Papa" Haydn, and there is some justification for this. Although he did not invent either the symphony or the string quartet, he was a central figure in their development. His symphony show a complete mastery of the string quartet, he was a central figure in their development.

His symphonies (specially the "Paris" and "London" sets) show a complete mastery of form and substance, setting the stage for the works os Mozart and Beethoven. Haydn's "paternity" is just as clear in the string quartets. Here Haydn helped transform the genre from little more than a string divertimento (with the emphasis on the top voice) to a type of chamber music which all parts play an equal role. These ideas directly influenced Mozart, who responded with six quartets dedicated to Haydn (1782-1785). Haydn's styleis detectable in the early music of Beethvoven as well.

__**Works**__:
 * Orchestral music, including over 100 symphonies (6 "Paris" Symphonies; 12 "Lndon" Symphonies); concertos for violin, cello, harpsichord and trumpet; divertimentos.
 * Sacred vocal music, including 14 Masses (Mass in Time of War, 1796; Lord Nelson Mass, 1798); oratorios, icluding The creation (Die Schöpfung, 1789) and The Seasons(Die Jahreszieten, 1801).
 * Chamber music, including some 68 string quartets, piano trios and divertimenti.
 * Dramatic music, including about 40 sonatas; songs, including solfk song arrangements; secular choral music.[[image:goya_duke_of_alba.jpg width="305" height="474" align="right"]]



__**SYMPHONY Nº45**__

It's a very famous piece of Haydn, it's poliphonic piece. This piece is played by an orchesta very copleted. It's an orchesta of the classicism. It startes with a lot of violins and a lot of chord instruments. I think there is an harpsichord, that it plays sometimes in the piece. It's a large duration piece. I think is a very important piece in the live of Haydn together with symphony Nº83.

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